THE discovery three years ago that dung beetles use the light of the Milky Way to navigate in the world was widely reported after we broke the story SCARABS NAVIGATE BY STARLIGHT on this blog.
Now
researchers at Lund University in Sweden have taken the discovery a
step further … by showing that when the beetles dance on top of a ball
of dung, they simultaneously take a photograph ... a snapshot ... of how
celestial bodies are positioned.
As the Ancient Egyptians knew, scarab beetles actually know where the sun is at any given moment … and head for it.
Then they know where they are going and roll off with their ball of dung in a straight line across the savannah.
"Other
animals and insects also use the position of celestial bodies to
navigate, but the dung beetles are unique ... they are the only ones to
take a snapshot where they gather information about how various
celestial bodies, such as the sun, moon and stars, are positioned," says
Basil el Jundi, researcher at Lund University.
By
applying the snapshot strategy to orient themselves in the world, the
dung beetles use their potential to the fullest, according to Basil el
Jundi. They do not use long processes to retrieve information.
A single snapshot is sufficient to navigate correctly.
"We are the first to have shown that dung beetles are taking these snapshots.
"We are also the first to show how they store and use the images inside their tiny brains," he says.
The
snapshot is taken when the beetle is dancing, and the image is stored
in the brain. When the beetle then starts to roll its ball of dung, it
is able to successfully navigate straight ahead by matching the stored
snapshot of the sky with the present environment.
The
experiments were performed in South Africa at a facility where the dung
beetles only had access to an artificial firmament to orient
themselves. Because the sky was artificial, the researchers were able to
regulate the amount of light, as well as change the positions of the
celestial bodies. Put simply, this allowed them to compare how the
beetles changed direction depending on the placement of the artificial
sun or moon, etc.
Taking
snapshots of the firmament is unique to dung beetles. Ants also take
snapshots, but of their surroundings on Earth rather than the sky.
However, dung beetles are not the only ones that dance, spinning around before taking off. Ants rotate and bees and wasps take a tour of their nest.
No one knows why.
"Perhaps they also gather information while rotating or going for a spin in the air, but we don't know", says Basil el Jundi.
According
to him, the results of how dung beetles find their way in the world can
become significant in the development of navigation systems in
driverless vehicles.
The article is published in the scientific journal Current Biology.
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